Why Study Central Bank Governance - 3229 Words

Dissertation Concept Paper Why Study Central Bank Governance? Background of the study The global financial crisis, several years ago, has raised an essential question about the role of the central banks (CBs) in promoting banking stability. One of the important lessons of the crisis is that central banks will unavoidably be involved during the occurrence of a banking crisis since the CBs are able to provide large amounts of liquidity in very short notice, to both the banking system as a whole and to individual bank. Prior to the crisis, a common compromise emerged about the function and position of the CBs. Although the CBs’ primary objective is to maintain price stability, as the need arises, a CB is seen to play roles that may be inconsistent with its core goal. However, these actions of the CBs may be necessary for banking stability in the country. These may include bailing out the insolvent banks, managing the government’s financial transactions, financing budget deficits through the issuance of money, and financing the development projects undertaken by the government (Cukierman et al., 1992). All of these tasks influence the stability of the banking sector directly or indirectly and thus are also related to a banking crisis. The instability of the banking sector can be influenced both in the short and long run. Statement of Problem Even though the CBs have the prominent and important function to influence the stability of the banking sector, the ultimateShow MoreRelatedWhy Study Central Bank Governance3403 Words   |  14 PagesDissertation Concept Paper I. Why Study Central Bank Governance in Asia? A financial crisis always raised an essential question about the role of the central banks (CBs) in promoting banking stability. One of the important lessons of the crisis is that central banks will unavoidably be involved during the occurrence of a banking crisis since the CBs should be able to provide large amounts of fund to recover the banking system from the crisis. Most of Asian countries have a central bank (or monetary authority)Read MoreExamples Of Regional Autonomy Law Of Indonesia1090 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen said as ‘absolute’ affairs of central governments, comprising foreign policy; defense and security; judicial; national monetary and fiscal; and religion. In the other words, local governments have the right, authority, and duties in all sectors except otherwise classified as ‘absolute’ affairs. This law also adopts what has been said as ‘concurrent’ affairs, meaning that both the central governments and local governments share their authorities. The central government authorities are, amongRead MoreInternational Accounting1598 Words   |  7 Pagesminutes Tutorial each week –†¯ Discussion of weekly assignment and questions from previous week s lecture topic –†¯ Case Study †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Oral presentations (2/3 students each tutorial) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Judgement and Decis ion Making tasks (all students are expected to provide a written proof during the tutorial) AYB 311 - Dr Amedeo Pugliese Overview of AYB311: the assessment Assessment –†¯ Case Study –†¯ Research Paper –†¯ Final exam TOTAL 20% 25% 55% 100% You do not have to pass each piece of assessment to pass theRead MoreThis Political Study Will Define The Reemergence Of Nationalism1513 Words   |  7 PagesThis political study will define the reemergence of nationalism due to the failed economic policies of globalization in the Brexit EU Vote. The Brexit Vote defines the lack of economic security promised by the European Union, which had dominated much of Britain‘s global objectives in the world economy. However, the problematic banking issues of the European Central bank (ECB) and the bankruptcy of certain nation states, such as Ireland, Greece, and Portugal, have inspired a new nationalist movementRead MoreGlobalization and the Multinational Corporation: Multiple Choice Questions1378 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 1 Globalization and the Multinational Corporation 1.1 Multiple Choice Easy 1) Which of the following was created in an effort to promote free trade? A) World Trade Organization B) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act C) multilateral development banks D) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Answer: A 2) Which one of the following is an investment from which the payoff over time is derived from the performance of an underlying asset? A) a common stock certificate B) aRead MoreSystematic Economic Change And Poverty Reduction1736 Words   |  7 PagesJames Stewart Matias Bianchi LAS/POL 364 11/2/2015 Systematic Economic Change and Poverty Reduction: The Effects of Governance on Inequality Liberalization is a term that has dominated the minds, and governments of Latin America from the advent of the region-encompassing debt-crisis of the 1980s. Many reforms, with the idea of opening up the market and reducing barriers to trade in order to increase growth, control inflation, and reduce social unrest, have taken hold in the region in notable countriesRead MoreDoes United States Need A Central Banking System?1740 Words   |  7 PagesDoes United States need a central banking system? The answer is in negation. Especially for the economy like that of United States, presence of a central banking system in place makes very less sense. There have been researches done on the subject ever since US became the superpower during early 20th century (investopedia). Most of these favor the existence of the central banking policy based on worldwide perspective and the motive with which Federal banking laws are implied. However, on the practicalRead MoreRelationship Between Financial Development And Economic Growth Using Time Series Modeling1303 Words   |  6 Pagescredit institutions and stock markets development on economic growth. Causality in each of the stated VAR models will be analyzed applying the Toda and Yamamoto (1996) approach to Granger Causality. In addition to exploring the long-run causality this study will also explore the effect of outside shock on endogenous variables in trivariate VAR models using the Impulse Response Function (IRF) method. Data set for Croatia consists of quarterly observations dating from 2000-2011 and consists of 48 observationsRead More1.1. The Effect Of The Financial Crisis On The GCC National Economy: The United stated1300 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment and dropping or cancelling investments to avoid the effects of high inflation rates. 1.2. The Dominance Of The Government To The Banking Sector: â€Å"Government ownership and its impact on banks are controversial†. And that comes from a serious fact states that the ownership of GCC banks are dominated mainly by the government, so the banking sector is owned by the local forces that dominate the market. That situation reflects in the limitation of foreign ownership because of the ownershipRead MoreFinancial Crisis And The Failure Of Corporate Governance1759 Words   |  8 Pagesthe liquidity risk followed behind. Even though the central banks of many countries tried to turn around the situation by injecting huge amount of capital to the financial market, the financial crisis still broke out and spread to Europe and other parts all over the world especially on the backing sector. The purpose of the essay is to identify the causes of the global financial crisis on the angle of the failure of corporate governance in UK banks such as Northern Rock and RBS which will be discussed

High School And College Campuses - 947 Words

Take Home Exam II Several education, prevention, and punishment programs can be enforced in high school and college campuses to discourage and prevent: extensive use of alcohol to the point of alcohol poisoning potentially leading to the death of the individual(s), prevention of reckless sexual behavior, date rape and other sexual violence. By enforcing more and effective programs through means of education, prevention and punishment the frequency of these actions in high schools and college campuses will decrease substantially. Furthermore, all of these programs must strongly correlate and correspond with each other because they can all relate to one another and affect the actions of various people on college campuses. Sudden Deaths of Students Due to Alcohol Consumption To prevent deaths and the occurrence of alcohol poisoning among students there needs to be an increase in educational courses about alcohol use and placing limitations on oneself in regards to alcohol consumption. Currently at Texas Tech University there is a mandatory program for freshmen called AlcoholEdu which helps to educate freshmen on various aspects of alcohol use such as binge drinking and alcohol poisoning, date rape and other reckless behavior. However, there are currently no mandatory programs like this for upperclassmen. This would be a more effective program if it continued throughout a student’s college career. Along with mandatory programs there should be optional alcohol educationShow MoreRelatedThe Size Of The Student Body And The Campus990 Words   |  4 Pagesscope of the school, is key factors in determining a college or university s educational environment. There are thousands of colleges in the world. Some near home, some out of state, and many out of the continent. There are some universities who populations are tens of thousands, and then again there are also even more colleges that have a very small population. There are many up sides to going to a huge college vs. a small one, and vice versa. The perks to going to a large college would be theRead MoreLarge College Campuses vs. Small College Campuses Essay565 Words   |  3 PagesThere are a large amount of colleges to choose from. Students start looking at college at around the junior year of high school. There are so many things to think about when choosing which college to attend and one being the size of the campus. Each student has their preference on size. Attending a school with a large campus or small campus has both negatives and positives. Even though going to a large college campus or a small college campus have their own individual benefits, they have similarRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers And Adolescents1703 Words   |  7 Pagestransforming into America’s number one public health problem, as numbers of high school and college students abusing drugs and alcohol are on the rise (2011). In a national survey done by CASA at Columbia University, they found that 75 percent of high school students have used an addictive substance. In addition, 46 percent of high school students reported currently using an addictive substance, and approximately 12 percent of high school students were discovered to meet the clinical diagnosis criteria forRead MoreShould Guns Be Guns On College Campuses?1097 Words   |  5 Pageseducation campuses within Pennsylvania? Some individuals believe that guns are critical to their freedom while others believe that guns are an instrument of death and violence. Giving students the o pportunity to carry guns on campus is a foolish idea. It will not make a campus any safer in allowing students to carry a firearm. College students are not responsible enough to carry guns because alcohol is a huge factor in contributing to irresponsible decisions in college. Most college students enjoyRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms and College Campuses Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesGun control on campuses all across the United States of America has been a controversial and popular debate topic for me ever since I woke up one morning on April 20, 1999 and witnessed, what at that time was the deadliest campus shooting in our history, at that time. Obviously I am talking about the shooting that occurred at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado where Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris attacked their school and opened fire on helpless students, brutally murdering 12 students,Read MoreThe Issue Of Gun Laws Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesGun laws have been debated for years now i n America, and they have been debtated for various reasons. Recently, the idea of conceal and carry has been brought over to college campuses and schools around our nation. There are two main sides to this controversial topic, people who are for conceal and carry and people who are against it. There have been multiple bills proposed in florida to allow everyday people carry guns on campus. This topic has been a hot debate after incidents like the Sandy HookRead MoreCollege Campus Safety1471 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Campus Safety 1 . Running head: COLLEGE CAMPUS SAFETY amp; SHOOTINGS College Campuses Safety and Shootings, Are We Secure While Learning Nadia Clark Troy University College Campus Safety 2 Date rapes, hate crimes and theft have become an apparent concern on college campuses. The most disturbing crime on a college campus is a school shooting. Being a victim of any crime is the last thing any student or parent thinks of when choosing a college or university. The possibilities of dangerRead MoreWhy Shootings Are Becoming A Real Danger Of Today s Society983 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversities or colleges is likely to increase the amount of mass shootings to occur over time. The Texas government created the campus carry bill to try to prevent shootings from taking place. On August 1, 2016, Texas will allow students and faculty members in private and public universities to carry a concealed firearm on campus. This bill may be helpful but it doesn’t have much valid information showing it will work. The following year the so-called bill will also apply to two-year colleges. As a resultRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Laws Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesConceal and Carry: Cam pus Edition Gun laws have been debated for years now in America, and they have been debated for various reasons. Recently, the idea of conceal and carry has been brought over to college campuses and schools around our nation. There are two main sides to this controversial topic, people who are for conceal and carry, and people who are against it. There have been multiple bills proposed in Florida to allow ordinary people to carry guns on campus. This topic has been a hot debateRead MoreConcealed Carry On College Campuses992 Words   |  4 PagesConcealed Carry on College Campuses It seems that tragedy and violence across America is becoming all too common in our daily news. Even more tragic is when it is at a school. With the increase in violence across America, it is opening the door to the question of should college campuses allow concealed guns on campus? Allowing concealed guns on campuses is something that may come true at public colleges across Georgia. Recently, the Georgia senate passed a bill by 37-17 that would allow gun owners

Cubism and Pablo Picasso free essay sample

Cubism was an art movement that was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the twentieth century, which revolutionized the European art. Cubism influenced a change from the classical artwork. It was important to changing art in the twentieth century because it changed the way people looked and created art away from the classical portraits and landscapes. It was conceived as a â€Å"New way of representing the world. † (No Author, Artist Portfolio. Net [ONLINE] http://www. artistportfolio. net/blog/cubism. htm) Cubist’s worked differently in their approach to the appearance of the painting, the objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form. Instead of showing objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context. One popular technique of this was to combine the past, present and future perspective of the object together which creates a slightly disfigured object, yet a magnificent piece of art that intrigues the viewer and gives an mysterious meaning or look to the artwork. We will write a custom essay sample on Cubism and Pablo Picasso or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pablo Picasso is one of the most influential cubist’s in history not to mention the most famous. He has produced many significant artworks, one being called Friendship. This piece features two persons standing one in front of the other in an analytical form. It demonstrates areas of cool and warm colours to show depth and define areas. Another one of his artworks Les Demoiselles dAvignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon) features ladies with African mask-like faces, giving them a savage and mysterious look. This idea would have come from the original influence of cubism the African tribal art. This work is one of Picassos most famous, and is widely considered to be a decisive work in the early development of both Cubism and modern art. Georges Braque the other founder of cubism, although his painters may not be as famous as his fellow founder Pablo Picasso, his analytical artworks demonstrated strong displacement almost to the point where the original figure is so displace it is hardly visible. One of his most famous pieces titled, Violin and Candlestick, demonstrates this displacement. It shows areas of depth and light and has frequent use of straight and defined edges. World War 1was a big influence on twentieth century art. It influenced both Braque and Picasso and many artists of the twentieth century and their view of the world, which reflected on their artworks. Cubism has influenced the way modern contemporary art is analyzed, with such programs as Photoshop and many other computer graphics programs and tools, modern art are far from the classical era. Many contemporary arts today are designed from the basis of cubism. Today’s digital imaging programs would have astonished artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism has influenced the way art is demonstrated into today’s society, from the clearly disfigured objects to the more clearly visible pieces; it is truly a magnificent body of art. Picasso’s Friendship and The Young Ladies of Avignon and Braque’s Violin and Candlestick are amazing pieces of work that have really influenced modern art, as we know it. Cubism revolutionized not only European art but also the entire worlds outlook on the way objects are put into perspective and influenced such techniques in modern art such as pop art and impressionism. Cubism really influenced people’s opinions of art in the twentieth century, moving it away from classical landscapes and portraits to a more sophisticated and mysterious angle on the way of life. Giving more emotion and meaning that classical art could never produce. It really was a â€Å"New way of representing the world. † (No Author, Artist Portfolio. Net [ONLINE] http://www. artistportfolio. net/blog/cubism. htm) Cubism would have to be one of the most, if not the most influential eras art has ever seen and still continues to influence art today.

Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Example

Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Transaction Costs: cost of conducting an economic exchange between two parties. Transaction costs have two important implications for the theory of the firm; firstly the theory of transaction costs predicts that economic exchange will tend to be organized in ways that minimize the costs of those exchanges (explaining the very existence of the firm), secondly transaction costs play an considerable role in limiting the size of firms. Coase wrote in 1937 that Economic exchange will tend to be organised in ways that minimize the cost of exchanges. One way to do this is to offer general contracts.If firms do not have general contracts, an employee cannot be asked to perform beyond his specific task- limiting the size of the firm. The firm, by offering general contracts, can minimize transaction costs. The firm may be described as a tool to minimise transactions costs. Any contract will be incomplete; there will be some chance of something happening that the contract does not cover. This is because, firstly it would be impossible to foresee everything that can happen, secondly, even if everything were foreseeable, it would be prohibitively costly to have a contract that covered all possible bases.Consider what happens when an uncovered contingency arises. We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Under market based relationship, each party would bargain to get a good deal for themselves. Bargaining is costly, waste of time, may break down cooperation. Also if purchase made now, other party may take advantage of this in future bargaining (Williamson 1985). However, when transaction takes place within firm, one party has residual control rights. Transaction costs are minimised as bargaining taken out of the equation.For this reason we expect to see large scale firms which require the coordination of, and cooperation among, many people to take place within a firm, rather than through a market. Something that suggests that the size of the firm should be limited is specialisation. If the costs of buying in the product for firm 1 are less than the actual costs of making the product, then it should be left to the other firm 2 to make this product which it specialises in, and firm 1 to buy it.For example, take the household as a firm 1 and a bakery as firm 2. It is more efficient for the household to buy in bread from the bakery, as the transactions costs are less than the cost of a bread maker, and the time and ingredients put into making the bread F, A, G p270-272 management economics book Teamwork occurs when an output is produced by the simultaneous cooperation of several team members to perform tasks. This cooperation reduces transactions costs. However, it can create other costs within the firm, such as shirking.Teamwork can cause, for the selfish individual, incentive to shirk, due to 2 related reasons. Firstly, it is difficult for the manager or principle to distinguish between the marginal products of each worker and detect which worker is shirking, and so production units within each team tend to be paid the same rate. Secondly, the shirker reaps benefits from his shirking, whereas the other team members bear the costs. The dilemma posed in providing motivation in these situations is termed the incentive problem.In the absence of perfect and cost-free monitoring, each team member can rationally be expected to shirk and hope to free ride on the efforts of other members. Another problem is that the productivity of any one-team member depends crucially on the input provided by other members. So if one team member shirks, the marginal product of the others, as well has total product of the team will fall. Giving employees some property rights, and a cut of the profits, through partnerships, or making the manager the residual claimant can reduce the incentive problem.1 Partnerships often exist where set-up costs are low, and where quality of production is difficult to observe, in markets such as accountancy, law and architecture. 2 The residual claimant should be the monitor, so he has incentives to increase profits. He should be a capitalist as they are more able to bear risk; workers bear no risk and always get the same wage. Although most property rights are in the hands of capitalists, some may be owned by labour in the form of cooperates.